Defense mechanisms have always been with us for a very long time. It came into existence when Sigmund Freud (father of psychoanalysis) gave the concept of defense mechanisms. He defined defense mechanisms are the unconscious mental operations that keep people from preventing themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings. We also understand that the use of…
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Initially, the path of psychologically sick patients was rough. They were subjected to harsh treatment because, until the 1700s, many believed that persons suffering from mental illnesses were possessed by a demon or the devil. Later in the 16th century, in London, an asylum (Bethlehem Hospital) was created to treat psychologically sick people. The therapy…
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Nerve cells or neurons are considered to be the basic building blocks of our nervous system. Their basic function is to transmit or receive information (message of sensation) from one neuron to the other neuron in the form of nerve impulses. The impulse transmission occurs in two ways, one is the communication within one neuron…
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Cognitive counselling theories focus on mental processes and their influences on mental health and behaviour. A common premise of all cognitive approaches is that how people think largely determines how they feel and behave. Aaron Beck (1921), a psychiatrist, is credited as the founder of cognitive therapy (CT). He initially worked with Freud and trained…
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“Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.” – Albert Bandura (From Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, 1997). Born in a lower middle-class family on the 4th of December 1925 in the small town of Mundare in Canada was Albert Bandura. Due to shortage in teaching staff at local high school,…
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Humanism, as the name suggests, is built on optimistic views concerning human nature. This school of thought lays its emphasis on the innate goodness of humans and their yearning to attain a higher purpose in life. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, the key architects of this approach, claimed that all humans have a free will…
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Memory formation is the most fascinating cognitive process. The evolutionary significance of forming memories was to record past experiences to avoid unpleasant encounters and potential threats to one’s survival. Hence, the elementary memory processes are common to all the species but in humans, it takes up a rather complex role and manifests diverse higher-order functions.…
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You all are going to have some stress in your life and we all do, and it’s normal nowdays. We need our body to release cortisol hormone to rise and fall throughout the day. Stress is something which helps us to wake up in the morning. Stress is of two types positive and negative for…
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“Everyone engages in addictive behaviours to some level because such things as drugs, sex, drinking, and eating are important for survival and highly reinforcing, says G. Marlatt. Addiction is defined as not having control over activities or using somethings to the points where it could be harmful to you its is most commonly associated with drug…
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In recent years, the media, the sciences, and philosophy have frequently discussed the people’s tendency to search for information that supports their belief and distort data contradicting them, this tendency of people to find evidence for their pre-existing beliefs is called Confirmation Bias. What is Confirmation Bias? Left-handed people tend to be more creative…
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